Guardians of Diversity: Conservation of Native Orchids in Changing Ecosystems at Wayanad, Western Ghats

Abstract

The Western Ghats, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is renowned for its extraordinary bi(Rliversity, particularly its rich assemblage of native orchid species. Wayanad, a district Within this mountainous region, is an especially significant area for orchids due to its diverse habitats and microclimates that foster a wide range of species, many of which are endemic to the Ghats. Orchids in Wayanad not only contribute to the area's biodiversity but also serve as critical bio indicators, reflecting the health and stability Of the ecosystem. This study investigates the current diversity Of orchid species in Wayanad, assesses ecological challenges threatening their survival, and reviews ongoing conservation efforts. The native orchid populations in Wayanad are increasingly at risk due to habitat degradation, changes in climate, and pressures from human activity, including land use changes, agricultural expansion, and unregulated collection. These pressures disrupt the delicate balance of the orchid habitats, threatening the survival of both common and rare species. Through field surveys and ecological assessments, this study documents the orchid present in Wayanad, providing valuable insights into their distribution, habitat requirements, and conservation status. In response to these challenges, this paper discusses adaptive strategies, such as habitat preservation, ex•situ conservation through botanical gardens, and community- based conservation initiatives. Engaging local communities is highlighted as a vital approach, fostering sustainable practices and conservation awareness. Policy recommendations are presented to reinforce orchid conservation at regional and national levels, with broader implications for safeguarding biodiversity within the Western Ghats and similar ecosystems worldwide. This study aims to support effective conservation strategies to protect these floral treasures and preserve the ecological integrity Of the Western Ghats