Seasonal Pollination Dynamics of Cymbidium Aloifolium by Apis Cerana Indica Honey Bees in the Western Ghats, Wayanad

Abstract

Cymbidium aloifolium is a prominent epiphytic orchid srxxies native to the Western Ghats, smrifically found in the biodiversity-rich region of Wayanad. The pollination ecology of this orchid is intricately linked with particularly Apis cerana indica, the Indian honey This study explores the relationship betwcæn Cymbidium aloifolium and Apis cerana indica, highlighting the pollination mechanisms, frequency of bee visits, and the resultant fruit set. Field observations were conducted during the Irak season, from April to June, when Cymbidium aloifolium exhibits its distinctive long-lasting flowers. Apis cerana indica was observed to be the primary IX)llinator, attracted by the orchid's vibrant flowers and enticing floral scent. The bees exhibit foraging behaviors. visiting multiple flowers during a single foraging trip, thereby enhancing cross-IN)llination rates. The pollination process is facilitated by the orchid's specialized floral structure, which allows effective transfer of m)llen as the The study an average of 15 visits flower day, with a peak activity observed during the morning hours. Successful pollination events, indicated by the deposition of pollinia on the ty»dy•, were in approximately 70% of the observed visits. The subsequent fruit set rate was observed to be 65%, highlighting a strong correlation Apis cerana indica activity and reproductive success of Cymbidium aloifolium. This IN)llination interaction not only underscores the significance of Apis cerana indica in sustaining orchid populations but also emphasizes the critical role of maintaining healthy populations for the conservation of native orchid species in the Western Ghats. The findings suggest that habitat preservation and the protection of pollinator species are essential for the u»ntinued survival of Cymbidium aloifolium. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of plant-pollinator dynamics in tropical eccxsystems and underscore the imm)rtance of integrated conservation strategies that encompass both flora and fauna. Future research could fcx•us on the impacts of environmental changes on these interactions and the development of conservation practicæs that support orchids and their pollinators